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- observed heterozygosity (see heterozygosity)
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- open reading frame (ORF)
- A DNA sequence that is potentially translatable into a protein.
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- operational taxonomic unit (OTU)
- Any of the extant taxonomic units under study.
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- operon
- A genetic unit or cluster that consists of one or more genes that are transcribed as a unit and expressed in a coordinated manner.
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- ORF (see open reading frame)
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- orthology
- Sequence similarity as a consequence of a speciation event.
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- OTU (see operational taxonomic unit)
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- out-of-phase overlapping
- The encoding of two or more proteins in different frames of the same DNA sequence.
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- overdominance (heterosis, heterozygote advantage, hybrid vigor)
- A selection regime resulting from the heterozygote having a higher fitness than either homozygote.
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