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- T
- (1) In DNA, thymine. (2) In proteins, threonine.
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- Tm
- The median melting temperature of duplex DNA.
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- ΔTm
- The difference between the median melting temperature of homoduplex DNA and heteroduplex DNA.
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- tandem duplication
- A duplication, the products of which reside in close proximity to each other on the chromosome.
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- taxon (plural, taxa)
- A taxonomic group of any rank (e.g., species, genus, kingdom) to which individual organisms are assigned.
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- taxonomy (classification)
- The principles and procedures according to which species are named and assigned to taxonomic groups.
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- TBR
- Tree-Bisection Reconnection.
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- terminal node
- The graphical representation of an extant taxon in a phylogenetic tree.
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- termination codon (nonsense codon, stop)
- A codon for which no normal tRNA exists, the presence of which terminates the process of translation. The three termination codons in the universal genetic code are UAG, UAA, and UGA.
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- tertiary structure
- In proteins and nucleic acids, the three-dimensional structure of the molecule brought about by its folding upon itself.
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- thermal stability
- The degree of resistence against denaturation or melting.
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- topology
- The branching pattern of a phylogenetic tree.
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- trans
- The arrangement of two sequences or genes on different chromosomes.
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- transcription
- The synthesis of an RNA molecule on a DNA template.
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- transcription-initiation site (see cap site)
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- transduction
- The transfer of host genetic information from one cell to another by means of a virus.
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- transfer RNA (tRNA)
- A small ribonucleic acid molecule that contains an anticodon, a binding site for a specific amino acid, and recognition sites for interaction with the ribosome and the enzyme that links it to its specific amino acid.
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- transition
- The substitution of a purine for a purine or a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine.
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- translation (decoding)
- The derivation of the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide from the sequence of an mRNA molecule via tRNA intermediates which occurs in association with a ribosome.
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- transposable element (mobile element)
- A sequence that can move about in the genome of an organism.
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- transposition
- The movement of genetic material from one genomic location to another.
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- transposon
- A transposable element carrying additional genes beside those encoding the transposition functions.
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- transversion
- The substitution of a purine for a pyrimidine or vice versa.
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- trisomy
- The presence of three copies of a chromosome in an otherwise diploid cell.
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- tRNA (see transfer RNA)
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- twofold degenerate site
- A nucleotide site in the coding region at which one of the three possible nucleotide changes is synonymous and the other two are nonsynonymous.
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