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- H
- Histidine.
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- haploid
- A cell or organism having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
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- haploid set
- The chromosomes in a haploid cell or individual.
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- haplotype
- The specific allelic constitution of a chromosome. Often, the allelic com- position of one or a few linked genes under investigation.
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- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
- A condition under which the genotypic frequencies in a diploid population are equal to the products of the allele frequencies involved.
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- heteroduplex
- A double-stranded nucleic acid molecule in which each strand has been derived from a different individual.
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- heterogeneous nuclear RNA (heterogeneous RNA, heteronuclear RNA, hnRNA)
- RNA transcripts in the nucleus, representing precursors and processing intermediates of rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA, as well as mature RNA transcripts not yet transported into the cytoplasm.
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- heterosis (see overdominance)
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- heterozygous advantage (see overdominance)
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- heuristic
- An algorithm that cannot be shown to find an optimal solution.
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- highly repetitive DNA
- The fraction of genomic DNA consisting of sequences repeated on the average hundreds of thousands of times.
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- highly repetitive genes
- Functional genes appearing in numerous copies in the haploid genome.
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- homoduplex
- A double-stranded DNA, the complementary strands of which are derived from the same individual.
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- homology
- Similarity by common ancestry or genetic relatedness.
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- homoplasy
- Similarity in state as opposed to similarity by descent.
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- homozygote
- A diploid individual with identical alleles at one or more loci.
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- horizontal evolution (see concerted evolution)
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- hotspot of mutation
- A segment of genomic DNA that shows a high propensity to mutate either spontaneously or under the action of a particular mutagen.
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- hybrid dysgenesis
- A syndrome of correlated abnormalities that is spontaneously induced in one type of hybrid between certain mutually interactive strains of Drosophila, but not in the reciprocal hybrid.
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- hybrid vigor (see overdominance)
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- hypervariable site or hypervariable region
- A DNA or protein region that exhibits excessive intraspecific variability. Maintenance of so much variability usually requires the locus to be subject to a form of balancing selection, such as overdominance.
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